Iran
| Islamic Republic of Iran also known as Persia |
 |
|
(and Iran's largest city) |
Source information is available at [ Sources ] |
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a West Asian country. It borders Turkey to the northwest, Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman, and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a primarily Persian-ethnic population of almost 90 million in an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran ranks 17th globally in both geographic size and population. It is the sixth-largest country in Asia and one of the world's most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran has a Muslim-majority population. The government is divided into five regions with 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's capital, largest city, and financial center.
A cradle of civilization, Iran has been inhabited since the Lower Palaeolithic. The significant parts of Iran were first unified as a political entity by the Medes under Deioces in the seventh century BC. They reached their territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, one of the largest in ancient history. Alexander the Great conquered the empire in the fourth century BC. An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BC and liberated the country, which the Sasanian Empire succeeded in the third century AD. Ancient Iran saw some of the earliest developments in writing, agriculture, urbanization, religion, and central government. Muslims conquered the region in the seventh century AD, leading to Iran's Islamization. The blossoming literature, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and art became major elements of Iranian civilization during the Islamic Golden Age. A series of Iranian Muslim dynasties ended Arab rule, revived the Persian language, and ruled the country until the Seljuk and Mongol conquests of the 11th to 14th centuries.
In the 16th century, the native Safavids re-established a unified Iranian state with Twelver Shi'ism as the official religion. During the Afsharid Empire in the 18th century, Iran was a leading world power, though by the 19th century, it had lost significant territory through conflicts with the Russian Empire. The early 20th century saw the Persian Constitutional Revolution and the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty. Attempts by Mohammad Mosaddegh to nationalize the oil industry led to an Anglo-American coup in 1953. After the Iranian Revolution, the monarchy was overthrown in 1979, and the Islamic Republic of Iran was established by Ruhollah Khomeini, who became the country's first Supreme Leader. In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran, sparking the eight-year-long Iran–Iraq War, which ended in a stalemate.
Iran is officially governed as a unitary Islamic Republic with a Presidential system, with ultimate authority vested in a Supreme Leader. The government is authoritarian and has attracted widespread criticism for its significant violations of human rights and civil liberties. Iran is an important regional power due to its large reserves of fossil fuels, including the world's second-largest natural gas supply and third-largest proven oil reserves, its geopolitically significant location, military capabilities, cultural hegemony, regional influence, and role as the world's focal point of Shia Islam. The Iranian economy is the world's 19th-largest by PPP. Iran is an active and founding member of the United Nations, OIC, OPEC, ECO, NAM, SCO, and BRICS. Iran is home to 28 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the 10th highest in the world, and ranks 5th in Intangible Cultural Heritage, or human treasures.
History
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC. The western part of the Iranian plateau participated in the traditional ancient Near East with Elam (3200–539 BC) and later with other peoples such as the Kassites, Mannaeans, and Gutians. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel called the Persians the "first Historical People." The Iranian Empire began in the Iron Age with the rise of the Medes, who unified Iran as a nation and empire in 625 BC. The Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC), founded by Cyrus the Great, was the largest empire the world had seen, spanning from the Balkans to North Africa and Central Asia. They were succeeded by the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Empires, who governed Iran for almost 1,000 years, making Iran a leading power once again. Persia's arch-rival during this time was the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire.
Iran endured invasions by the Macedonians, Arabs, Turks, and Mongols. Despite these invasions, Iran continually reasserted its national identity and developed as a distinct political and cultural entity. The Muslim conquest of Persia (632–654) ended the Sasanian Empire. It marked a turning point in Iranian history, leading to the Islamization of Iran from the eighth to tenth centuries and the decline of Zoroastrianism. However, the achievements of prior Persian civilizations were absorbed into the new Islamic polity. Iran suffered invasions by nomadic tribes during the Late Middle Ages and early modern period, negatively impacting the region. Iran was reunified as an independent state in 1501 by the Safavid dynasty, which established Shia Islam as the empire's official religion, marking a significant turning point in the history of Islam. Iran functioned again as a leading world power, especially in rivalry with the Ottoman Empire. In the 19th century, Iran lost significant territories in the Caucasus to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Persian Wars.
Iran remained a monarchy until the 1979 Iranian Revolution, when it officially became an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979. Since then, Iran has experienced significant political, social, and economic changes. The establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran led to the restructuring of its political system, with Ayatollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader. Iran's foreign relations have been shaped by the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), ongoing tensions with the United States, and its nuclear program, which has been a point of contention in international diplomacy.
Spanking and Spanking Art in Iran
Spanking in Iran
In the 20th century, school corporal punishment fell out of fashion and was gradually banned in many countries, a trend that continues until the present day.
As of May 2008, Iran prohibits corporal punishment in schools. Although spanking can be considered a Western practice, it is uncommon in Iranian culture. The natural essence of spanking can be found in almost all cultures, and Iran is no exception. Hitting the buttocks with a cane or switch as a disciplinary act or hitting the buttocks in sexual interaction is not unlikely to happen.
In Iranian families, discipline, including spanking, is usually administered by the father, as the mother is traditionally seen as the more loving, caring, and protective family member.
Occasionally, secretly recorded short videos of corporal punishment at schools or in sports places (like, for example, a swimming pool or gym class) that sometimes include some forms of spanking are published on the Internet. An example is here.
Perhaps the main origin of most Iranians' acquaintance with spanking is spanking scenes in animations and children's cartoons such as Tom and Jerry, The Swiss Family Robinson: Flone of the Mysterious Island, The Story of Perrine and Katri, and Girl of the Meadows, the last three of which are Japanese anime series.
Iranian spanking artists
There are no contemporary Iranian spanking artists known so far. As erotic literature and pornography are against national laws in Iran, only underground spanking stories by amateurs and unprofessional writers who are spankophiles are written and published on Persian spanking blogs, which are specially hosted by foreign blogging services such as Google Blogger and WordPress.
JCP in Iran from Corpun.com
Since the Islamic revolution in 1979, Iran has been primarily run by deeply conservative religious fundamentalists for whom the rule of law is, at best, an elastic concept. Local courts or officials have imposed regular reports of public floggings. Many more instances of JCP are said to be administered in prisons or institutions. Women and men are liable to this punishment, as in a Jan 2001 illustrated news report.
Officially, the instrument is a thin leather whip about 1 meter long.
Often, the whip is applied to the bare upper back, and the culprit is either lying face down flat on a bench or standing upright and tied to a post. See this Aug 2007 illustrated news item showing a 25-year-old man receiving a public flogging in the horizontal position in a Feb 2001 illustrated report in which a youth is pictured being whipped while tied to a lamppost.
The whole body is sometimes whipped to the ankles, as in this May 2007 illustrated report. Occasionally, the buttocks are more precisely targeted, but this idea seems to come much less naturally to the Middle Eastern mentality than to the Western or Far Eastern. At any rate, the official regulations, for what they are worth, say only that the head, face, and genitals must be avoided.
Depending on the nature of the crime, the offender may be allowed to keep all his clothes on. But when women are flogged, they are to remain fully clothed.
JCP is applied for ordinary crimes like murder, rape, and theft, as well as for "religious" offenses to do with adultery and alcohol. In some cases, corporal and capital punishment are combined, the offender being first flogged and then hanged, as in this March 2005 case where a serial murderer was executed in public after being given 100 lashes.
In April 2008, it was reported that floggings would be meted out for dangerous driving.
Mass punishments are sometimes reported, as in a July 2015 news item about 480 people being flogged for eating during the daytime in Ramadan, the Muslim fasting season.
In a June 2008 news item, the head of the Judicial Authority believed that imprisonment is useless and that public flogging, especially when publicizing news and photographs, is the most effective deterrent. Surprisingly, he complained that judges were not imposing enough JCP sentences, accusing them of being too influenced by Western propaganda about human rights.
Public floggings were also carried out in earlier periods when the country was called Persia.
Prostitution in Iran
- Prostitution in Iran ↗ on Wikipedia
External links
- More information is available at [ Wikipedia:Iran ]
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