Talk:BDSM in culture and media
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{{short description|Stories, books and media about bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism}}
{{POV|date=July 2016}}
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=February 2017}}
[[File:2014 WGT 261 Umbra Et Imago.jpg|thumb|On stage BDSM show during a performance from [[Umbra et Imago]] at [[Wave Gotik Treffen]] music and arts global festival in Germany, 2014]]
'''[[BDSM]]''' (i.e., [[Bondage (sexual)|bondage and discipline]], [[dominance and submission]], [[Sadomasochism|sadism and masochism]]) is a frequent theme in [[book]]s, [[film]]s, [[television]], [[music]], [[magazine]]s, [[Performance art|
public performances]] and [[online media]].
==Newspapers and magazines==
*During the last decades, a wide variety of periodical publications were published dealing with BDSM. Besides small independent publishing companies, organized groups were active in this field. Many have stopped publishing or transferred operations to the Internet.
*The German-language ''[[Schlagzeilen (BDSM)|Schlagzeilen]]'' magazine started in 1988 as a group's internal newspaper and is the most important BDSM publication in German-speaking countries today.
Recent events and figures related to BDSM have been repeatedly spotlighted in the media.
* In 2002, ''[[The Washington Post]]'''' ran an article which said that [[Jack McGeorge]], a munitions analyst for the [[UNMOVIC]], was also a leader in the [[Washington, DC]] BDSM community. Following this, several commentators compared his BDSM activities repeatedly with the torture techniques used by [[Saddam Hussein]]. Others compared today's discrimination of BDSM practitioners with the situation of homosexuals in the past.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}
* In Germany ''[[EMMA (magazine)|EMMA]]'', a well-known [[feminist]] magazine, published by [[Alice Schwarzer]], continued its ''PorNO'' campaign against ''hatred towards women'' and ''violent pornography'' aiming to ban [[pornography]] in Germany. In it, Schwarzer states, among other things, that sadomasochistic practices are generally to be equated with violence against women. Her judgment on female sadomasochism ("Female masochism is collaboration!") has often been criticized for implying a state of war between genders.<ref>"Weiblicher Masochismus ist Kollaboration!" from EMMA Heft 2, 1991</ref>
*''EMMA'' magazine criticized [[Helmut Newton]], accusing him of "pornografization of fashion photography", and criticized his "therein unrestrainedly realized sadomasochistic obsessions".<ref>An extensive analysis of the magazine and Schwarzer campaigns is available at [http://www.datenschlag.org/papiertiger/lexikon/emma.html Papiertiger#Emma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430142649/http://www.datenschlag.org/papiertiger/lexikon/emma.html |date=2006-04-30 }} (German)</ref>
* BDSM [[support group]]s and publications have repeatedly criticized biased media coverage of BDSM.<ref>Manuela Münchow, Bundesvereinigung Sadomasochismus: ''Stellungnahme zum Grünbuch "Gleichstellung sowie Bekämpfung von Diskriminierungen in einer erweiterten Europäischen Union" der Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften (Brüssel, den 28.05.2004 KOM(2004) 379)", 31.08.2004 (German), and the detailed chronology ''Der Papiertiger: Presse'' ("media coverage") in the Encyclopedia of Sadomasochism [http://www.datenschlag.org/papiertiger/lexikon/presse.html Datenschlag.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410132658/http://datenschlag.org/papiertiger/lexikon/presse.html |date=2007-04-10 }}(German/English)</ref>
==Literature==
{{Further|List of BDSM authors|Sadism and masochism in fiction}}
[[File:Jean de Virgan - Flogged over bench.jpg|thumb|upright|Georges Topfer illustration on a Jean de Virgans book (1922), representing a bound woman's flogging in [[Ancient Rome]].]]
Sadomasochism is a perennial theme in the field of literature and has inspired several classics like ''The [[Story of O]]'' by [[Anne Desclos]] (under the [[pseudonym]] [[Pauline Réage]]), ''[[Venus in Furs]]'' by [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch]], and the comics created by [[Eric Stanton]]. A literary curiosity concerning sadomasochism is Martha's letter to [[Leopold Bloom]] in ''[[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]]'' by [[James Joyce]]. The novel ''[[Nine and a Half Weeks: A Memoir of a Love Affair]]'' published in 1978 by [[Ingeborg Day]] (under the pseudonym Elizabeth McNeill) was the basis of the Hollywood movie ''[[9½ Weeks]]''. [[Justine Ettler]]'s ''[[The River Ophelia]]'' (1995) details the empty, sometimes violent sex lives of university students and [[yuppies]] with surreal overtones.
Well-known author [[Anne Rice]] published under the pseudonym ''A. N. Roquelaure'' three installments of her ''Sleeping Beauty Trilogy'' (''The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty'', 1983), ''Beauty's Punishment'' (1984) and ''Beauty's Release'' (1985) with explicit BDSM themes.
A nine-volume book series published in July 2006 under the title ''Bild-Erotik-Bibliothek'' by [[Bild-Zeitung]], Germany's leading [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|Tabloid]] and the best-selling newspaper in Europe, in cooperation with [[Random House]] gives a clear indication of the commercial potential of the topic. Out of nine installments, three books had a well-defined emphasis on sadomasochism, specifically BDSM. Besides ''Exit to Eden'', also written by Anne Rice under the pseudonym ''Anne Rampling'', it also further featured the sadomasochist classic ''Story of O.'' and the explicit novel ''Topping from Below'' by Laura Reese.
While it cannot be denied that some authors of SM-literature, including de Sade and Sacher-Masoch, showed a propensity to the sexuality they described, one must differentiate between real sexual activity and the fantasies described in literature. It would be an absurd demand of the literature's authenticity that the author have to practice what they are describing. Diary notes, interviews and the description of experience remain a fictionalization of the described events. While sadomasochistic rituals enacted as theatrical staging might show fetish characteristics, the fetish is not literature. BDSM literature also does not embrace a specific philosophy or morality; instead it represents it, as any other kind of literature aspects of the particular [[Zeitgeist]] of its era.<ref>compare Arne Hoffmann: ''In Leder gebunden. Der Sadomasochismus in der Weltliteratur'', Ubooks 2007, {{ISBN|3-86608-078-6}} (German)</ref>
[[Alfred Kinsey]] stated in his 1953 nonfiction book ''[[Sexual Behavior in the Human Female]]'' that 12% of females and 22% of males reported having an erotic response to a sadomasochistic story.<ref name="sbhf677">Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, pp. 677-678</ref> In that book erotic responses to being bitten were given as:<ref name="sbhf677"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"
! Erotic responses
! By females
! By males
|-
! Definite and/or frequent
| 26%
| 26%
|-
! Some response
| 29%
| 24%
|-
! Never
| 45%
| 50%
|- style="border-top:2px solid black;"
|+
! Number of cases
| 2,200
| 567
|}
The ''[[Fifty Shades trilogy|Fifty Shades]]'' trilogy is a series of very popular erotic romance novels by [[E. L. James]] which involve BDSM; however, the novels have been criticized for their inaccurate and harmful depiction of BDSM.<ref>{{cite web|last=Velvet|first=Lady|date=14 February 2015|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/fifty-shades-grey-a-dominatrixs-773577|title='Fifty Shades of Grey': A Dominatrix's View (Guest Column)|website=Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/16/fifty-shades-of-grey-isnt-bdsm_n_6684808.html |title='Fifty Shades Of Grey' Isn't A Movie About BDSM, And That's A Problem|website= Huffingtonpost.com |date=16 February 2015|accessdate= 27 February 2015}}</ref>
===Publishers===
In the last decades, publishing houses and imprints specializing in BDSM fiction and nonfiction have been founded in many Western countries. Some of them are:
* [[Circlet Press]]
* Daedalus Publishing
* [[Greenery Press]]
* Nexus Books, an imprint of [[Virgin Books]]
===Specialist books===
In November 1981, [[Samois]] published ''[[Coming to Power|Coming to Power: Writing and graphics on Lesbian S/M]]'', which reached a worldwide audience the following year when it was reprinted by [[Alyson Publications]]. The book combined short stories with basic explanations and safety tips about BDSM practices. It is considered the first introductory books on the subject worldwide. Its concept was internationally adopted by many publications in the following decades.
Other than specialized books with strong emphasis on the practice, there are a growing number of scientific publications and books that discuss BDSM philosophy and culture.
* [[Jay Wiseman]]: ''SM 101: A Realistic Introduction''. Greenery Press (California) 1998, {{ISBN|0-9639763-8-9}} (comprehensive reference book including topics like "BDSM as a lifestyle" and "BDSM during pregnancy")
* [[Philip Miller]], Molly Devon: ''Screw the Roses, Send Me the Thorns: The Romance and Sexual Sorcery of Sadomasochism''. Mystic Rose Books, 1995. {{ISBN|0-9645960-0-8}} (showing plenty of graphics, the comprehensive reference book gives advice on practices and safety advice)
* [[Dossie Easton]], [[Janet W. Hardy]]: ''The New Topping Book''. Greenery Press (California) 2002, {{ISBN|1-890159-36-0}} (practical and theoretical introduction for Tops with emphasis on psychological, practical and technological aspects and detailed advice on partner search)
* Dossie Easton, Janet W. Hardy: ''The New Bottoming Book''. Greenery Press (California) 1998, {{ISBN|1-890159-35-2}} (practical and theoretical introduction for Bottoms with emphasis on psychological, practical and technological aspects and detailed advice on partner search)
* [[Patrick Califia]] (ed.), Robin Sweeney (ed.):''The Second Coming: A Leatherdyke Reader''. Alyson Publications 1996, {{ISBN|1-55583-281-4}} (sequel to the lesbian-feminist BDSM-classic ''Coming to Power'')
* [[Mark Thompson (author)|Mark Thompson]] (ed.): ''Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice''. Alyson Publications 1991, {{ISBN|1-55583-630-5}}, (28 essays of well-known sadomasochistic authors and activists)
* [[Lady Green]] (ed.), Jaymes Easton (ed.): ''Kinky Crafts: 101 Do-It-Yourself S/M Toys''. Greenery Press (California) 1998, {{ISBN|0-9639763-7-0}} (comprehensive Guide to do-it-yourself BDSM-toys)
* [[Gloria Brame]], William Brame & John Jacobs: ''Different Loving: The World of Sexual Dominance and Submission''. Villard, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0679769569}}
* [[Peggy J. Kleinplatz]], [[Charles Allen Moser]]: ''Sadomasochism - Powerful Pleasures''. Haworth Press, 2006, {{ISBN|978-1-56023-640-5}}
* Staci Newmahr: ''Playing On The Edge''. Indiana University Press, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0253222855}} (sociological examination of BDSM community in an unnamed city)
* Margot Weiss: ''Techniques of Pleasure''. Duke University Press, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0822351597}} (anthropological examination of San Francisco BDSM community)
* Clarisse Thorn: ''The S & M Feminist''. Clarisse Thorn, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1477472040}} (essays on BDSM, gender and culture)
* [[Lee Harrington]], [[Mollena Williams]]: ''Playing Well With Others''. Greenery Press, 2012, {{ISBN|978-0937609583}} (guide to the BDSM community)
* Anne O. Nomis ''The History & Arts of the Dominatrix''. Mary Egan Publishing & Anna Nomis Ltd, UK, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-9927010-0-0}} (academic account of dominatrix imagery)
==Marketing==
[[File:Gul Panag, cast of 'Fatso' arrives to sell tickets at PVR, Juhu (6) (cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|Indian actress [[Gul Panag]] wearing a T-shirt having image and slogan related to [[dominatrix]] & [[petplay]].]]
Since the beginning of the 1990s, BDSM imagery has been regularly used within the framework of large marketing campaigns in continental Europe. Widely known examples in Germany are [[billboard (advertising)|billboard]]s of the cigarette brands [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|Camel]] and [[West (cigarette)|West]], showing a camel dressed in "typical" leather outfit, respectively a dominatrix with a whip. While West had to withdraw the ad due to "offense against morality", BDSM motifs were utilized in the following years on a regular basis.<ref>vgl. Roland Seim, Josef Spiegel (Hrsg.): ''"Ab 18" - zensiert, diskutiert, unterschlagen.'' Beispiele aus der Kulturgeschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Telos Verlag, Münster 2002, {{ISBN|3-933060-01-X}}, S.109 (German).</ref> In March 2007 the [[Sweden|Swedish]] clothing company [[H&M]] promoted the sale of a collection compiled by [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] with television commercials in Germany.<ref>compare Stern.de: ''H&M: Mode made by Madonna'', available under [http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/leute/:H&M-Mode-Madonna/578068.html stern.de], 15.02.2007 (German) and Vogue.com: ''Die gezähmte Madonna'', available under [http://www.vogue.de/vogue/6/content/09614/index.php Vogue.com] (German)</ref> The commercials showed the artist, who has been repeatedly criticized for the use of sadomasochistic subjects in the past, as a dominant lifestyle-icon teaching a lesson to an "inappropriately" dressed female pupil under the cracking of a [[Crop (implement)|crop]], redesigning her outfit while making fashion statements like "Don't think it – you need to know it".
In Canada, [[MINI (BMW)|Mini]] presented the winter package 2005/2005 of the Mini-Cooper in the form of an interactive BDSM-session in which the user, supported by a dominatrix, can test different kinds of spanking tools on the automobile in order to get the optional equipment explained.<ref>see [http://www.mini.ca/en/More_MINI/MINIfun/DominateWinter/default.aspx mini.ca] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220022334/http://www.mini.ca/en/More_MINI/MINIfun/DominateWinter/default.aspx |date=2008-02-20 }}</ref> Their slogan was "Dominate winter".
In the U.S., [[Anheuser-Busch]] has repeatedly sponsored the fetish-lifestyle [[Folsom Street Fair]] in San Francisco.<ref>Heather Cassell: ''LGBT advocates offer mixed reaction to Miller, Coors merger'', online under [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928145348/http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ci=108&ch=business_finance&sc=corporate&sc2=news&sc3=&id=23823 EDGE Boston]</ref> [[Diesel (brand)|''Diesel'' jeans]] ran several sadomasochistic-themed advertisements in various fashion magazines.
==Music==
{{See also|Sexuality in music videos}}
[[The Velvet Underground]] song "[[Venus in Furs (song)|Venus in Furs]]" (from ''[[The Velvet Underground & Nico]]'') is based on a [[Venus in Furs|book by Masoch]] of the same title; the name of the band itself comes from a [[The Velvet Underground (book)|book about paraphilias]] (including BDSM) in the United States.
[[Eurythmics]] "[[Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)]]" may be the most well-known popular song with BDSM connotations, primarily due to the music video.
[[Adam Lambert]]'s "For Your Entertainment", [[Puddle of Mudd]]'s "Control", and [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]'s "Erotica" are explicitly from the dominant's point of view - as is "Baby Let's Play Rough" by the country-western vampire singer [[Unknown Hinson]], whereas [[Nedra Johnson]]'s "Alligator Food" and [[Lady Gaga]]'s "Teeth" are written from the perspective of the submissive.
[[Jace Everett]]'s "Bad Things" (the theme song of the TV series ''[[True Blood]]'') alludes to BDSM.
The German punk band [[Die Ärzte]] recorded the song "Sweet, Sweet Gwendoline" that introduced the BDSM-related character [[Sweet Gwendoline]] to a large part of the population that otherwise had no contact to the BDSM subculture. German gothic rock band [[Umbra et Imago]], famous amongst the fetish goth scene, also recorded a song entitled "Sweet Gwendoline".
[[Industrial music]] in general likely has the most BDSM themes, as well as being one of the biggest influences on [[Rivethead]] fashion. [[Rammstein]] is one of those industrial bands, as their song "[[Ich Tu Dir Weh]] (I hurt you)" is about BDSM. [[Depeche Mode]] are known for their BDSM undertones, "[[Master and Servant]]" being a well-known example.
[[File:Rihanna, LOUD Tour, Oakland 1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|[[Rihanna]] (wearing white) performs [[S&M (song)|S&M]] while chained during the [[Loud Tour]] in 2011. Her [[dominatrix]] (wearing black) is sitting in the background.]]
{{multiple images|perrow=2|total_width=360
|image1=Womanizer Miami.jpg
|image2=Circus Boston.jpg
|footer=[[Britney Spears]] acting as a [[dominatrix]] while performing on ''[[Womanizer (song)|Womanizer song]]'' (left), and on ''[[Circus (song)|Circus song]]'' (right), in [[The Circus Starring Britney Spears|The Circus Tour]].
}}
Other famous songs with BDSM themes include:
*[[2 Live Crew]] "S and M"
*[[Adam and the Ants]] "Whip in My Valise"
*[[Ali Project]] "Hizamazuite Ashi o Oname"
*[[Blue Öyster Cult]] "Dominance and Submission"
*[[Blood on the Dance Floor (duo)|Blood on the Dance Floor]] "Call Me Master"
*[[Blood on the Dance Floor (duo)|Blood on the Dance Floor]] "Safe Word"
*[[Boondox]] "Freak Bitch"
*[[Ellie Goulding]] "Love Me Like You Do"
*[[Green Day]] "Blood Sex and Booze" and "Dominated Love Slave"
*[[Guns N' Roses]]' "[[Pretty Tied Up]]" from the band's album ''[[Use Your Illusion II]]''
*[[Janet Jackson]] "Rope Burn" (''[[The Velvet Rope]]'', 1997)
*[[Misfits (band)|The Misfits]] "Devil's Whorehouse"
*[[Nickelback]] "Figured You Out"
*[[Lords of Acid]] "The Power is mine", [[Strung Out]] "Ultimate Devotion"
*[[Nine Inch Nails]] "Closer", "Happiness in Slavery", "Meet Your Master" and "Sin"
*[[Rihanna]]'s album ''[[Loud (Rihanna album)|Loud]]'' features an opening song called "[[S&M (song)|S&M]]", which is about sadism and masochism as its name suggests and as the music video makes clear.
*[[Spooncurve]] "Hurt me, I'm Yours"
*[[That Dog]] "Gagged and Tied"
*[[The Plasmatics]] "Black Leather Monster" and "Sex Junkie"
*[[Thin Lizzy]]'s 1979 album ''[[Black Rose: A Rock Legend|Roisin Dubh]]'' (''Black Rose'') included a song called "S&M" about a sadistic man.
*[[William Control]] "Price We Pay"
*[[Frank Zappa]] "Carolina Hardcore Extacy"
In 2010, [[Christina Aguilera]] released her ''[[Bionic (Christina Aguilera album)|Bionic]]'' album which contains the single "[[Not Myself Tonight]]". The controversial, high-concept video for the single is rife with aggressive BDSM imagery. Aguilera is seen as a bound and gagged slave as well as a latex-clad dominatrix with a riding crop and a group of look-alike slave girls.
Also released in 2010, rock band [[Thirty Seconds to Mars]]'s music video for "[[Hurricane (Thirty Seconds to Mars song)|Hurricane]]", directed by [[Jared Leto]] under his pseudonym Bartholomew Cubbins, includes elements of bondage and discipline, dominance and submission. Though initially banned from most networks due to violence and heavy sexual content, the video received three nominations at the 2011 [[MTV Video Music Awards]] for Best Cinematography, Best Direction and Best Editing.
== Art ==
{{See also|List of BDSM artists|List of BDSM photographers}}
{{multiple image |
|width1 = 188 |image1 = Bettie Page Klaw 3.jpg
|width2 = 171 |image2 = Lady, Strapped and Ready.jpg
|footer = [[Bettie Page]], the first famous bondage model, in the 1950s (left). A woman at [[Folsom Street Fair]], wearing a [[strap-on dildo]] and having a [[tattoo]] of Bettie Page in bondage (right).}}
Comic book drawings: [[John Willie]] with ''Adventures of [[Sweet Gwendoline]]'' (published as a serial in [[Robert Harrison (publisher)|Robert Harrison]]'s mainstream girlie magazine ''Wink'' from June 1947 to February 1950 and later in several other magazines over the years), [[Guido Crepax]] with ''[[Histoire d'O]]'' (1975)
* In graphic design: Works by [[Eric Stanton]], [[Hajime Sorayama]] and Robert Bishop
* In [[art deco]] sculpture: [[Bruno Zach]] produced a [[dominatrix]] sculpture called "The Riding Crop" (c. 1925).<ref name=Bonhams>{{cite web|title=Bruno Zach's 'Riding Crop Girl' hits World Record $150,602 at Bonhams art auction|url=https://www.justcollecting.com/miscellania/bruno-zachs-riding-crop-girl-hits-world-record-150-602-at-bonhams-art-auction)|website=justcollecting.com|accessdate=12 Aug 2017}}</ref>
=== Theatre ===
* ''[[Worauf sich Körper kaprizieren]]'', Austria. Peter Kern directed this present-day adaption of [[Jean Genet]]'s 1950 film, ''[[Un chant d'amour]]''. It is about a dominant lady (film veteran [[Miriam Goldschmidt]]) who submits her husband ([[Heinrich Herkie]]) and butler ([[Günter Bubbnik]]) to sadistic treatment.<ref>[[Der Standard]], edición del 3 September 2006</ref>
* ''[[Ach, Hilde]]'' (Oh, Hilda), Germany. This play by Anna Schwemmer shows a young Hilde, after being left by her boyfriend, becomes a professional dominatrix.<ref>[[BILD]]-Zeitung, Berlín, 15 March 1998</ref>
==Movies and television==
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| footer = [[Fifty Shades (film series)|''Fifty Shades'' film trilogy]] actors [[Jamie Dornan]] and [[Dakota Johnson]]
| image1 = Jamie Dornan January 2013.jpg
| width1 = 132
| image2 = Dakota Johnson 2014 (cropped).jpg
| width2 = 132
}}
While BDSM activity appeared initially quasi-"subliminally" in some movies, in the 1960s and 1970s there were film adaptations of famous works of BDSM literature including ''[[Venus in Furs]]'' (1969) and the ''[[Story of O]]'' (1975).
In the 1960s and 1970s Spanish director [[Jess Franco]] developed several movies that were typical examples of the [[Exploitation fiction|exploitation]]-genres' approach, often based on the works of the Marquis de Sade and censored in many countries worldwide.
With the release of the 1986 film ''[[9½ Weeks]]'', the topic of BDSM was transferred to broader audiences with high impact and notable commercial success. Since the late 1990s movies like ''[[Preaching to the Perverted (film)|Preaching to the Perverted]]'' (1997), a movie generally considered a reaction to [[Operation Spanner]], and ''[[Secretary (2002 film)|Secretary]]'' (2002) started to increasingly reconcile financial demands with authenticity.
From the 1990s to the early 2000s, mainstream media representation of alternative sexualities, including BDSM, increased dramatically. First noted in
1983,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Falk|first1=G.|last2=Weinberg|first2=T.S.|title=Sadomasochism and Popular Western Culture|date=1983|publisher=NY Prometheus Books|location=Amherst, NY|pages=137–144}}</ref> this trend shows no signs of abating today.
With the development of documentary productions such as ''[[SICK: The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist]]'' (1997), ''[[Bound for Pleasure]]'' (2002), ''[[Wir leben ... SM!]]'' (2004), ''[[Graphic Sexual Horror]]'' (2009) and ''[[Kink (film)|KinK]]'' (2013), an increasingly broader approach to the subject matter is developing, targeting wider audiences.
During the last four decades, the spectrum of productions has been greatly enlarged, showing the topic has arrived in mainstream movies:
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* 1925: ''[[A Woman of the World]]'' (Based on ''The Tattooed Countess'' by [[Carl van Vechten]])
* 1967: ''[[Belle de Jour (film)|Belle de jour]]'', by [[Luis Buñuel]]
* 1967: ''[[Venus in Furs]]'' by Joseph Marzano
* 1968: ''[[La prisonnière (film)|La prisonnière]]'', - H. G. Clouzot
* 1969: ''[[Venus in Furs]]'' by Massimo Dallamano (not the [[Jess Franco]] version, also from 1969)
* 1969: ''The Frightened Woman'' by Piero Schivazappa
* 1972: ''[[The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant]]'' by [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]]
* 1974: ''[[The Night Porter]]'' by [[Liliana Cavani]]
* 1974: ''[[Swept Away by an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August]]''
* 1975: ''[[Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom]]'' by [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]]
* 1975: ''[[Story of O (film)|Story of O]]''
* 1976: ''[[In the Realm of the Senses]]'' by [[Nagisa Oshima]]
* 1976: ''[[Maîtresse]]''
* 1976: ''[[The Image (1975 film)|The Image]]'' (''The Punishment of Anne'')
* 1978: ''[[The Mafu Cage]]''
* 1982: ''[[Cat People (1982 film)|Cat People]]''
* 1983: ''[[A Woman in Flames (film)|A Woman in Flames]]''
* 1985: ''[[The Perils of Gwendoline in the Land of the Yik-Yak]]''
* 1985: ''[[Seduction: The Cruel Woman]]''
* 1986: ''[[Blue Velvet (film)|Blue Velvet]]''
* 1986: ''[[From Beyond (film)|From Beyond]]''
* 1986: ''[[Tras el cristal]]''
* 1986: ''[[9½ Weeks]]''
* 1987: ''[[Personal Services]]''
* 1989: ''[[Wild Orchid (film)|Wild Orchid]]''
* 1990: ''[[Life Is Sweet (film)|Life Is Sweet]]'' by [[Mike Leigh]]
* 1990: ''[[Singapore Sling (1990 film)|Singapore Sling]]'' by [[Nikos Nikolaidis]]
* 1990: ''[[Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!]]''
* 1993: ''[[Tokyo Decadence]]''
* 1993: ''[[Body of Evidence (1993 film)|Body of Evidence]]''
* 1994: ''[[Exit to Eden]]''
* 1994: ''Venus in Furs'' by Maartje Seyferth and Victor Nieuwenhuijs
* 1996: ''[[Bobby Sox]]'' (pornographic film)
* 1996: ''[[Breaking the Waves]]'' by [[Lars von Trier]]
* 1996: ''[[Fetishes (documentary)|Fetishes]]''
* 1997: ''[[Private Parts (1997 film)|Private Parts]]''
* 1997: ''[[Preaching to the Perverted (film)|Preaching to the Perverted]]''
* 1997: ''[[SICK: The Life & Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist]]'' (interviews with the dying BDSM performance artist [[Bob Flanagan]])
* 1999: ''[[Lies (1999 film)|Lies]]'' (South Korea)
* 1999: ''[[Romance (1999 film)|Romance]]'' by [[Catherine Breillat]]
* 1999: ''[[Wildly Available]]''
* 2000: ''Quills'' (drama loosely based on the [[Marquis de Sade]])
* 2000: ''Dirty Pictures'' (the movie is based on the [[Robert Mapplethorpe|Mapplethorpe]] exhibition in Cincinnati)
* 2001: ''[[The Piano Teacher (film)|The Piano Teacher]]''
* 2001: ''[[Beyond Vanilla]]''
* 2002: ''[[Secretary (2002 film)|Secretary]]''
* 2002: ''[[Fashionistas|The Fashionistas]]''
* 2002: ''[[A Snake Of June]]''
* 2003: ''Wir leben... SM!''
* 2004: ''[[Going Under (2004 film)|Going Under]]''
* 2004: ''[[Bettie Page: Dark Angel]]''
* 2005: ''Ecstasy in Berlin 1926'' by [[Maria Beatty]]
* 2005: ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film)|Mr. and Mrs. Smith]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toromagazine.com/sex/sex-column/1d9e113a-28ca-b6c4-e9b5-19f07d237dcc/Dominatrix-A-History/index.html?pageIndex=11|title=Dominatrix: A History|author=|date=22 September 2009|work=Toro Magazine|accessdate=15 March 2017}}</ref>
* 2005: ''[[The Notorious Bettie Page]]'' by [[Mary Harron]]
* 2005: ''[[The Zero Years]]'' by [[Nikos Nikolaidis]]
* 2006: ''[[24/7 The Passion of Life]]''
* 2006: ''[[Psychopathia Sexualis (film)|Psychopathia Sexualis]]''
* 2006: ''Hounded'', [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0488903/ IMDb]
* 2006: ''[[The Pet (2006 film)|The Pet]]'', [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0825728/ IMDb]
* 2007: ''[[New Tokyo Decadence - The Slave]]''
* 2007: ''[[Walk All Over Me]]''
* 2008-2010: ''[[Legend of the Seeker]]''
* 2009: ''[[Antichrist (film)|Antichrist]]'' by [[Lars von Trier]]
* 2009: ''Modern Love is Automatic''
* 2009: ''[[SM-rechter]]''
* 2010: ''[[Año bisiesto]]'' (''Leap Year'') by [[Michael Rowe (director)|Michael Rowe]]
* 2013: ''[[Kink (film)|KinK]]'' (a documentary, produced by [[James Franco]] about the BDSM website [[Kink.com]])
* 2013: ''[[Nymphomaniac (film)|Nymphomaniac]]'' by [[Lars von Trier]]
* 2015: ''[[Fifty Shades of Grey (film)|Fifty Shades of Grey]]'' by [[Sam Taylor-Johnson]]
{{div col end}}
Besides these mainstream movies, there is a huge market for underground sadomasochistic direct-to-DVD and Internet-download films. The majority of these have no explicit sexual content, but a few are also [[pornographic film]]s.<ref>for further details see Linda Williams: ''Power, Pleasure and Perversion: Sadomasochistic Film Pornography'', Representations, Nr. 27 (Summer), 1989, P. 37-65, University of California Press</ref> These videos fall into specific fetish categories such as bondage, corporal punishment (domestic and school spanking), pony play (animal role-playing) and dungeon-based BDSM centered on the master/slave dynamic. The porn industry has responded to this growing trend by creating a number of sex films with an S&M theme. The most noteworthy are the award-winning ''[[Fashionistas|The Fashionistas]]'' (2002) and its 2003 sequel, ''The Fashionistas II''.
In recent years, movies like ''9½ Weeks'' (1986), ''Tokyo Decadence'' (1992), and ''Secretary'' (2002) have been shown, sometimes edited, on television in several countries. In 2001, the Canadian documentary ''[[KinK]]'' became the first television series on the topic worldwide.
Other examples of BDSM in television and film are:
* The ''[[Allo Allo!]]'' series 1 episode "The British 'ave Come (The Fallen Madonna)" (1984) and series 3 episode "Pretty Maids All in a Row" (1987) both deal with BDSM.
* ''[[Payback (1999 film)|Payback]]'' (1999), a film with [[Lucy Liu]] as Pearl, a dominatrix and hit woman for the Chinese mafia.
* The ''[[Law & Order SVU]]'' season 1 episode "Stocks and Bondage" (1999) about the death of a businesswoman who was into BDSM.
* ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI]]'' (2000-2015) had a recurring character, [[Lady Heather]], a professional [[dominatrix]].
* In ''[[Dancing at the Blue Iguana]]'' (2000), [[Jennifer Tilly]] is a part-time dominatrix-for-hire and exotic dancer in leather fetish outfits.
* ''[[Mercy (2000 film)|Mercy]]'' (2000), cable-movie with [[Peta Wilson]] as a submissive member of a secret S&M society.
*''Fast Sofa'' (2001); Jennifer Tilly plays a porn star who is bound and gagged with elaborate leather gear and whipped by her manager ([[Eric Roberts]]) for misbehaving.
* ''[[Nip/Tuck|nip/tuck]]'' (2003-2010) had [[Tia Carrere]] in a recurring role as professional dominatrix Mistress DarkPain.
* In the television series ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' (2004-2012) the character [[Bree Van De Kamp]]'s husband Rex had an illicit affair with a woman who was able to please him sexually as a dominatrix.
* ''[[EuroTrip]]'' (2004) features [[Lucy Lawless]] as a German dominatrix in an Amsterdam fetish club.
* The ''[[CSI: NY]]'' season 1 episode "Hush" (2005) centers on a case that involves the BDSM community.
* In the 2005 episode "[[Love Hurts (House)|Love Hurts]]" of the TV series ''[[House (TV series)|House]]'', [[Gregory House|Dr. House]] treats a patient, Harvey Park (John Cho) who has a dominatrix, Annette Raines (Christina Cox).
* On the fourth season of the reality show [[VH1]]'s ''[[The Surreal Life]]'' (2005) [[Jane Wiedlin]] from the pop group [[The Go-Gos]] dressed in dominatrix gear and revealed her secret BDSM lifestyle. In that episode, other cast members dabbled in S&M play in a makeshift dungeon room.
* ''[[Secret Diary of a Call Girl]]'' (2007), a British series about a call girl who takes dominatrix lessons in one episode.
* On the third season of ''[[Boardwalk Empire]]'' (2012), the main antagonist of the show [[Gyp Rosetti]] (as portrayed by [[Bobby Cannavale]]) was seen besottedly taking pleasure by engaging in sadomasochistic sexual acts (female submission) and autoerotic asphyxiation.
* Seasons 3 and 4 of ''[[The History Channel]]'' series ''[[Vikings]]'' (2015, 2016-2017) depict French Count Odo ([[Owen Roe]]) practicing sadomasochism with Therese (Karen Hassan), the wife of another noble. He beats and tortures her with various implements for the purpose of sexual arousal.
* In the Showtime series ''[[Billions (TV series)|Billions]]'' (2016), psychiatrist Wendy Rhoades ([[Maggie Siff]]) plays dominatrix to her husband, District Attorney Chuck ([[Paul Giamatti]]).
* ''[[Submission (TV series)|Submission]]'' (2016), follows the journey of Ashley (Ashlynn Yennie) from being in an unhappy relationship to her exploration of BDSM when she stumbles upon an erotic novel called ''SLAVE'' by Nolan Keats.
* Season 2 of ''[[Marco Polo (TV series)|Marco Polo]]'' (2016) has the characters Ahmad and Mei Lin engage in [[rope bondage]] and [[Pegging (sexual practice)|pegging]].
* ''[[Bonding (TV series)|Bonding]]'', which premiered in 2019, is about a dominatrix and her assistant.
==See also==
*[[Filmmaking technique of Luis Buñuel]]
*[[List of dominatrices in popular culture]]
*[[List of universities with BDSM clubs]]
*[[Sadism and masochism in fiction]]
*[[Sadism and Masochism]]
*[[Marquis de Sade in popular culture]]
*[[Sex and nudity in video games]]
*[[Sexual revolution]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.podiobooks.com/title/sm-diary ''Diary of an S and M Romance''] (Podcast audiobook of Dollie Llama and ThornDaddy's book "Diary of an S&M Romance")
* [http://www.kinkymedia.com/kinkycast/ ''KinkyCast''] (Information, interviews and stories on BDSM and fetish)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928014208/http://www.graydancer.com/ropeweekly/ ''Rope Weekly''] (Information on [[Shibari]])
* [http://www.theroom.ca/ ''The Room''] (A couple on BDSM and their relationship)
* [http://www.askdollie.com ''Submission and Coffee with Dollie Llama''] (24/7 D/s couple podcast)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080220132627/http://subophelia.podomatic.com/ ''Submissive Ophelia podcast''] (Lifestyle/pro submissive woman married in a 24/7 relationship)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100808071117/http://dungeonplace.com/hole/podcasts/ ''The Dungeon Place podcast''] (Discussion and education about fetish, kink, and sexuality)
* [http://mollena.com/ "The Perverted Negress"] (BDSM and Master / Slave relationships from the perspective of an African-American woman)
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{{BDSM}}
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[[Category:BDSM]]
[[Category:BDSM in films|*]]
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